在上一篇文章《如何正确实现一个 BackgroundService》中有提到 LongRunning 来优化后台任务始终保持在同一个线程上。
        protected override Task ExecuteAsync(CancellationToken stoppingToken)
        {
            return Task.Factory.StartNew(async () =>
            {
                while (!stoppingToken.IsCancellationRequested)
                {
                    
                    Console.WriteLine("HostServiceTest_A is doing work.");
                    LongTermTask();
                    await Task.Delay(1000, stoppingToken); 
                }
                Console.WriteLine("HostServiceTest_A task done.");
            }, TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning);
        }
        private void LongTermTask()
        {
            
            Console.WriteLine("LongTermTaskA is doing work.");
            Thread.Sleep(30000);
        }
但是被 大佬指出这个用法是错误的:以上用法并不能保证任务始终在同一个 Task(线程) 上执行。原因是当碰到第一个 await 之后运行时会从 ThreadPool 中调度一个新的线程来执行后面的代码,而当前线程被释放。这个时候就不符合我们使用 LongRunning 的期望了。
在 .NET 中,Task.Factory.StartNew 提供了 TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning 选项,很多开发者会用它来启动长时间运行的任务,并且想当然的认为它会永远执行在同一个线程上。但是事实上当遇到 async await 的时候并想象的那么简单。
下面我们还是通过一个错误的示例开始讲解如何正确的使用它。
错误用法
很多人会直接在 Task.Factory.StartNew 里传入一个 async 方法:
Console.WriteLine("Hello, World!");
var task = Task.Factory.StartNew(async () =>
{
    Console.WriteLine($"long running task starting. Thread id: {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
    var loopCount = 1;
    while (true)
    {
        Console.WriteLine($"\r\nStart: loop count: {loopCount}, Thread id: {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
        await LongRunningJob();
        Console.WriteLine($"End: loop count: {loopCount}, Thread id: {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId} \r\n ");
        loopCount++;
    }
}, TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning);
static async Task LongRunningJob()
{
    Console.WriteLine($"task doing. Thread id: {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
    await Task.Delay(1000);
}
Console.ReadLine();
输出:
Hello, World!
long running task starting. Thread id: 12
Start: loop count: 1, Thread id: 12
task doing. Thread id: 12
End: loop count: 1, Thread id: 11
Start: loop count: 2, Thread id: 11
task doing. Thread id: 11
End: loop count: 2, Thread id: 11
可以看到,第一次循环后,线程 id 发生了变化。很明显 LongRunning 失效了。原因开篇已经讲了,不在赘述。
正确用法 1:同步方法
将 LongRunningJob 改为同步方法,避免异步切换线程:
var task = Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
{
    Console.WriteLine($"long running task starting. Thread id: {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
    var loopCount = 1;
    while (true)
    {
        Console.WriteLine($"\r\nStart: loop count: {loopCount}, Thread id: {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
        LongRunningJob();
        Console.WriteLine($"End: loop count: {loopCount}, Thread id: {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId} \r\n ");
        loopCount++;
    }
}, TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning);
static void LongRunningJob()
{
    Console.WriteLine($"task doing. Thread id: {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
    Thread.Sleep(1000);
}
输出:
Hello, World!
long running task starting. Thread id: 12
Start: loop count: 1, Thread id: 12
task doing. Thread id: 12
End: loop count: 1, Thread id: 12
线程 id 始终不变,说明始终运行在专用线程上。
正确用法 2:异步方法同步等待
如果必须用异步方法,可以用 .Wait() 让调用变为同步:
var task = Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
{
    Console.WriteLine($"long running task starting. Thread id: {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
    var loopCount = 1;
    while (true)
    {
        Console.WriteLine($"\r\nStart: loop count: {loopCount}, Thread id: {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
        LongRunningJob().Wait();
        Console.WriteLine($"End: loop count: {loopCount}, Thread id: {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId} \r\n ");
        loopCount++;
    }
}, TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning);
static async Task LongRunningJob()
{
    Console.WriteLine($"task doing. Thread id: {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
    await Task.Delay(1000);
}
输出:
Hello, World!
long running task starting. Thread id: 12
Start: loop count: 1, Thread id: 12
task doing. Thread id: 12
End: loop count: 1, Thread id: 12
总结
- TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning适用于同步、阻塞型任务。
- 不要在 StartNew里直接用async方法。
- 如果必须用异步方法,需同步等待(如 .Wait())。
希望本文能帮你正确理解和使用 LongRunning 任务!
转自https://www.cnblogs.com/kklldog/p/19022317